After The Republican Takeover Of Congress In The 1994...

After the Republican takeover of Congress in the 1994 midterms, Newt Gingrich, a Republican from Georgia, assumed the Speakership and with it, the congressional agenda. He took bold action on an array of matters, but when it came to DADT, it quickly became clear that he had to retreat. On April 2, 1995, Gingrich declared that Congress would put back in place a definite ban on gays in the military, but took back his statement only two days later in the wake of political reality. There was a â€Å"conspicuous absence of political support for reopening the contentious issue . . . even among conservative Republicans† (Towell 1036). Once Clinton made the decision to compromise, it satisfied enough people to be kept in place, and there was not†¦show more content†¦By the time Obama assumed the presidency, several states had already legalized same-sex marriage and the Democratic White House looked in good shape – with a newly Democratic Congress – to make the m ilitary policy change that Clinton had originally hoped for (Wolf). The public opinion shift towards pro-LGBT rights swung the momentum towards Obama and the Democrats to be able to define the problem of DADT as one that needed changing. Although President Obama now had the power of problem definition, the path towards repealing DADT was anything but automatic. As Godwin, Ainsworth, and Godwin, explain, â€Å"Most policy issues . . . must compete for a place on the agenda† (Godwin 51). Agenda setting is the next step in the public policy model after problem definition, and the DADT repeal did not make it onto the agenda right away. President Obama took office in early 2009, but did not immediately make a move on homosexual military policy as Clinton did. Obama acknowledged that the process to repeal DADT would have to go through the proper legislative channels, most importantly involving Pentagon officials, before it could come to a congressional vote. He and his allies agree d that the best course of action was to â€Å"wait on definitive recommendations from the military† (Rogin 1694). Clinton’s early push for action led to a compromise that was not only seen as a defeat for the administration, but also shied away many DemocraticShow MoreRelatedThe Patient Protection Affordable Care Act ( Ppaca )3791 Words   |  16 Pageshas been handling the balance of power. This law has been in the making since 1989, conceptually beginning as the Individual Health Insurance Mandate through the Heritage Foundation. The individual health insurance mandate had been introduced by Republicans twice in 1993, in hopes of providing â€Å"a bill to provide comprehensive reform of the health care system of the United States† (Sen Chafee, 1993). The bill has been revised multiple times since 1993, budding into what is commonly called Obamacare

Tesco Culture Essay example - 1561 Words

The analysis on the impacts, values and the significance of organizational culture in Tesco Introduction Culture is one of the terms that have been becoming more familiar in the 21st century among the multinational companies all around the world. The world has been shrunken by the fasting travelling and communicating technologies which has brought down the barriers for the organisations having business in international market. But still then there are few barriers that make the international business critical and hard for everyone to succeed in it. This is due to the factor that the businesses have direct influence over the culture that is followed in the respective country where the business is carried out. So it would be interesting to†¦show more content†¦The author highlights the fact that there is no single method that is readily available for a problem under consideration. Hence the thesis also uses the combination of the literature survey, qualitative method and the case study to make it a comprehensive study. The literature survey was used to identify the parameters to address the research questions that are structured at the beginning of the study. There are several methods of qualitative methods like the survey research, correlation research, research based on the experiments. The survey research is based on the scientific sampling and the questions are designed to capture the population characteristics. The research is about finding the parameters for impact and significance of the culture in the extensive literature survey has been carried out to arrive at the factors, in addition to the annual reports and the archival data. The thesis also adopts qualitative research technique to study about the parameters that were necessary for successful implementation. The research method adopted is the survey. The qualitative methods are widely used in the field of social science because of their ability to produce the same kind of the results. The parameters can be studied byShow MoreRelatedTesco Company Culture4494 Words   |  18 PagesIntroduction TESCO is a company that was founded in 1919 by JACK COHEN. It is presented usually as a big international retailer which is  based essentially in Great Britain but also in China, Republic  Czech, Hungary, Japan ... It means this firm is as well  in Europe, Asia and the United States. It represents 3 956 stores and  over 440 000 employees worldwide (Tesco.com, 2009). In the context of globalization it is  therefore appeared vital for TESCO to develop a corporate culture and an  organizationRead MoreFactors That Influence The Success Or Failure Of An Organization Change Effort1615 Words   |  7 Pages This paper aims to give an overview of Tesco and analyse the challenges Dave Lewis faces, now that he has taken the CEO’s position, which was preceded by Philip Clarke. Recommendations will be made with regards to resistance to change management, as it is an issue that should not be overlooked. After looking at these matters, the appropriate leadership style for this particular case will be proposed, evaluating different theories and points of view. Tesco is a customer-orientated business foundedRead MoreHuman Resource Management : Tesco1007 Words   |  5 Pages This assignment focus on analyzing human resource management in two companies: Tesco and Sainsbury which are in retail industry. It will highlight key area: human resource management, motivation, employment low. Tesco plc is the largest retailer in UK, as well as being a highly significant retailer globally.Tesco PLC is a British multinational grocery, and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England, United Kingdom, that was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen .It isRead MorePest Analysis1204 Words   |  5 PagesStrategic Management of TESCO supermarket: PESTEL analysis, Porter s 5 Forces analysis, Critical success factors, SWOT Analysis, VALUE CHAIN analysis, TESCO S strategic options, Core Competences Cultural Web. IINTRODUCTION The food and drink retail sector represents the largest industry in the UK, providing employment for over three million people in primary production, manufacturing and retailing. In 2003 retail accounted for 9% of gross domestic product (Datamonitor, 2003). In recent yearsRead MoreData and Technology in Business1053 Words   |  4 Pagesof government publications are common methods of collecting quantitative data. For example. Tesco has the Clubcard scheme that allows customers to save money on shopping by giving price-off vouchers. Customers gain for every pound that they spend at any of the Tesco stores. Moreover, Tesco Clubcard works as a marketing tool useful data relating to the buying habits of individual customers. Therefore, Tesco used this customer data to shape the product offerings, create ranges, gain a better understandingRead MoreWhat Should The New Ceo Of Tesco Do For The Business Now?1189 Words   |  5 PagesCEO of Tesco do for the business now? The supermarket industry is a very competitive market. In April 2014 it was reported that the UK grocery market was worth  £174.5 billion (igd.com, 2014). This essay aims to identify some of the problems effecting Tesco and point out the solutions and options available to the new CEO of Tesco’s Dave Lewis, in order to stay competitive and remain a market leader. Tesco was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen from a market stall in London’s East End. Today, Tesco headquartersRead MoreTesco Porter Value Chlain and Environmental Analysis1777 Words   |  8 Pagessupport activities: firm infrastructure, human resources, technology development and procurement, so focus will be given to primary activities as they are crucial for distinguishing the strengths and weaknesses of Tesco s performance. The overall cost leadership strategic management of Tesco is exhibited in its lean and agile inbound logistics function. The company uses its leading market position and economies of scope as key barging powers to achieve low cost from its suppliers. According to OfficeRead MoreDescribe the Influence of Two Contrasting Economic Environments on Business Activities Within a Selected Organisation1721 Words   |  7 Pagesselected organisation, Tesco, there are 2 important economic environments that have an influence on business activities. Both economic environments will have a different way on affecting Tesco. The economic environments are growth and recession. Economic growth occurs when more goods are being produced and consumed, and incomes are rising. A growth company tends to have very profitable reinvestment opportunities for its own retained earnings. Economic growth will affect Tesco as it would increaseRead MoreGlobal Strategy : Analysis Pr Course School2376 Words   |  10 PagesTutor______________________ Date _______________ â€Æ' â€Æ' GLOBAL STRATEGIES OF TESCO Tesco is a UK’s leading retail company having above 570 stores in United Kingdom, and it also has stores in other countries like Poland, Hungary, France, Slovakia and Czech Republic. Tesco is committed to make and increase the shareholder value through many innovative strategies. These strategies are based on many principles like: Tesco provides high quality services to the customers with the best and remarkable pricesRead More1. Based on the Case Study and Your Own Research on Competitors, Summarize the Strategic Approaches Which Have Helped Tesco.Com Achieve Success Online.5953 Words   |  24 Pagesin Tesco.com. After the establishment of various virtual supermarkets, a new phase began when established brick and mortar supermarkets entered the online grocery shopping arena by adopting a ‘click and mortar’ strategy. In the UK there are Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Asda, and Waitrose.com. These players, by combining the strength of traditional retailing with Internet shopping, have achieved rapid growth. The SWOT analysis of Tesco.com reveals that it is most powerful retail brand, reputation

No Taxation Without Repesentation Free Essays

Explain the meaning of the revolutionary slogan ‘no taxation without representation’. How did that express the core values of the new American political culture? Under American Revolution we understand politic developments in British colonies in North America in 1775-1783, which ended up creating the United States. They were caused by the unwillingness of the colonies to obey to the interests of the metropolis. We will write a custom essay sample on No Taxation Without Repesentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The slogan that best expressed the cause of the revolution was ‘No taxation without representation’. It was widely used as a main complaint to royalty and colonial administration during the American Revolution. The slogan originated in the 50 – 60 years of the XVIII century, when British colonists in America began to realize that in spite of their large number and business activities, which are taxed, they have no representation in the Parliament and cannot exercise their rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, adopted in 1689. Let’s look a little bit closer to the history. In the 1760s British Parliament for the first time started a massive taxation of Americans, violating the fundamental bourgeois legal precept – no taxation without representation. Residents of the province were used to and wanted to continue to pay only the taxes that have been approved by their own elected representatives in local assemblies. Britain took, in addition, a law forbidding Americans to move to the vacant land. This law affected rich landowners, whose entrepreneurial appetites were dramatically reduced; and also small and poor farmers, who had been taken away a cherished dream of their own land. It was followed by political repression: restrictions on freedom of religion, the abolition of jury trials, the privacy of home and property, entry of the British troops in North America. Many of these decrees and laws came from the monarch, but in contrast to earlier times the freedom and rights of Americans have been actively suppressed and limited also by the British Parliament. Since the 1760s Britain actually began to rule in North America as an absolute monarchy, trying to impose conditions inherent in feudal society. Americans cherish for more than a half century bourgeois social order, were shocked by their attempt to create a new absolutism. The 1760-1770-ies were characterized by the democratization of the political consciousness of Americans and American political culture. An ideological revolution was developing in America, that prepared and made possible a half decade later, the political revolution. Democratization touched a political practice in North America also. Previously unknown forms of political action of the people were developing: mass gatherings, meetings, rallies. Thus was formed the immediate or direct democracy, that started to compete with representative democracy. All sorts of amateur political organizations were created; the most prominent among them was the â€Å"Sons of Liberty†. The most prominent representative of the moderate stage and course of the anti-colonial movement was James Otis. He was most famously associated with the phrase, â€Å"taxation without representation is tyranny†. In the 1760s he became a political oracle of American patriots. In 1761 in the Supreme Court of Massachusetts, Otis condemned the English decree, empowers customs colonies search procedure without judicial authorization of any dwelling to retrieve contraband. Otis argued that the famous English Bill of Rights and Habeas Corpus Act, which guaranteed inviolability of the person, property and housing, equally apply to Americans. No law or decree can be accepted that contradicts these basic acts which Otis after Blackstone called the Constitution. Otis turned the English Constitution and natural law in two main pillars to protect the interests of Americans. Demonstrating brilliant erudition and perseverance, he drew from the English constitution provisions that guarantee citizens the security of property, and the right to representative government and trial by jury, and freedom of religion, and many other rights, which were based on liberal bourgeois world order. Otis has worked hard to prove the importance of the struggle for representation of North American provinces in Parliament. But his tenacity has not conceived a significant impact on his compatriots. Common sense told patriots, that a small group of colonial deputies in parliament cannot change its policy. Samuel Adams, who was established in the late 1760-1770’s at the leading position in the patriotic movement of Massachusetts, states that the colonies cannot be fully represented in Parliament and that their representation at Westminster will turn against provinces itself. That would legitimize parliamentary tyranny for North America, and that therefore, a struggle of patriots for seats in the English legislature leads them astray. American political culture contains a number of core ideals, values and standards that define the relationship between citizens and government, and citizens to one another. Different societies view politics differently, and have different approaches to the view of society. In America, the views of society are liberty, equality, democracy, and individualism. Liberty as right to be free; equality as equality of opportunity; democracy as elected officials from the people; and individualism as the individual’s rights are valued above those of the state (government). The American system creates in people a confidence that each and every person have to play by the same rules, and the role of the government is to protect these rules; confidence in the will of the people to support enterprise and entrepreneurship, to persistent work anywhere. And even if at some point people are unsuccessful, they will be making efforts to achieve success again and again. How to cite No Taxation Without Repesentation, Essay examples

Numeracy and MathematicsCommunicating Ideas

Question: Discuss about the Report for Numeracy and Mathematics of Communicating Ideas. Answer: Differences between numeracy and mathematics Mathematics is concerned with communicating ideas, searching for patterns, and solving problems. It involves the ability to apply logical and abstract reasoning to answer certain kinds of problems. On other words, mathematics is a language that assists in relaying complex concepts and ideas in a concise and precise manner. The language used in mathematics is symbolic and results in the emergence of exciting discoveries by manipulating the statements. Mathematics extensively applies conjectures and patterns in studying change, space, structure, and quantity in an attempt to establish truth using suitable definitions and axioms. Therefore, mathematics is studied as a body of knowledge that entails statistical analysis, quadratic equations, and calculus. Numeracy on the other hand, is a concrete concept that involves realistic approach to mathematics and concentrate on functional addresses as opposed to mathematics that is platonic and abstract by giving absolute truths concerning relationships among ideal objects. It is the disposition, confidence, and capacity to the application of mathematics to meet the needs of the civic, community, work, home, school, and learning life (National Curriculum Board, 2009). It goes beyond the confines of mere computation and includes fundamental skills such as interpretation of diagrams, chats, and data (Perso, 2011). It also involves logical reasoning and thinking, understanding and explanation of solutions and problem solving. Perso (2011) cites that numeracy entails the disposition to the application in content a permutation of various skills such as algebraic, statistical, graphical, spatial, and numerical skills and the underpinning mathematical concepts. Other concepts applied in numeracy inc lude solid appreciation of context, general thinking skills, and mathematical strategies, and thinking. Therefore, numeracy is a capability meaning, a learner is either numerate or not. A numerate learner possesses the disposition and capacity to apply mathematical concepts in a wide range of contexts other than the confines of mathematics classroom. This means that numeracy is contextual and concrete and offers contingent solutions to real life problems. Differentiation Competency Framework Competence is a state or quality of being adequate in terms of functionality or possessing adequate skill, strength, and knowledge (Kendal Stacey, 2003). The authors cite that Differentiation Competency Framework is a technological tool that supports teaching of calculus by working with several representations of functions. To assist the instructors in teaching differentiation, the multiple representations are employed in computing gradients of tangents and curves, difference quotients, and the application of symbolic differentiation principles. Learners however, require a broad range of skills to link and apply the representations in differentiation. According to the Kendal and Stacey (2003), Differentiation Competency Framework can be used for three functions. To start with, Differentiation Competency Framework can be used for numerical representation in a case where the differentiation has both rate of change and quotient. Such a differentiation involves tabular presentation of a given differential function by obtaining the respective rate of change that can be found by determining the average of change over a suitable interval of x [x, x+h] = ( f (x + h) f( x))/ h. Therefore, numerical differentiation representation entails the computation of arbitrary infinitesimal quotients known as numerical derivatives. Secondly, Differentiation Competency Framework can be used for graphical differentiation. In a general sense, differentiation involves the determination of the gradient of a given curve. The gradient or slope can be interpreted to mean the undulation of the line represents the given curve at the highest resolution. In most cases, the gradient of the tangent or derivative to the curve is an estimation rather than precise. Thus, cannot be detected in a normal introductory problem. Thirdly, Differentiation Competency Framework can be used in symbolic differentiation. The derivative of a function from the perspective of symbolic representation can be determined by standard rules by using CAS or by hand. Brendefur and the Spatial Reasoning Brendefur (2011), a mathematics professor at the Boise State University notes that one of the most effective forecasters of the later success in mathematics is the capacity to manipulate stimuli visually. The professor also believes that this concept of spatial reasoning is of unparalleled importance in mathematics in which 3-D, 2-D shapes are broken apart and put together, and the ideas are combined together, twisted, and turned where there are changes in the orientation of the object. The author mentions that such a model can effectively be used as a predictor of the afterward success in mathematics and can be acquired through practices and methods. The most important aspect of this model is that is assists the learners in developing fluency in regards to arithmetical operations and is therefore, necessary in strengthening the various measurement concepts. In his explanation, Brendefur reiterates that mathematics is not merely about notations, symbols, and numbers but stretches to encompass spatial reasoning. According to Uttal and Cohen (2012), spatial thinkingis a class ofreasoningskills that encompasses the ability to think about objects in 3-D and to draw inferences about such objects from partial information available. A learner that possesses good spatialqualities might also possess remarkable thinking qualities about how an object/body will appear when given a rotation. Van Hieles Levels of Geometric Thinking There are five levels of Van Hieles Geometric Thinking. Level One (Visualization) In this level, learners identify and recognize figures by appearance only, usually by comparing such figures to a familiar prototype (Genz, 2006). The attributes of the figure are not comprehended. In this level, learners make decisions on the basis of perception as opposed to reasoning. Examples include flipping, sliding, and rotation. Level Two (Analysis) In this level, learners view figures as collections of characteristics. The learners can distinguish and name attributes of geometric figures although they cannot establish the relationships between such attributes. In describing an object, a learner in this level may enumerate all the attributes that he knows although he may not tell apart which attributes are crucial and the ones that are adequate to describe the object/shape (Genz, 2006). Examples include translation, and reflection. Level Three (Abstraction) According to Genz (2006), in this level, learners can identify the relationships between attributes and between figures. This implies that learners can establish momentous definitions and offer informal arguments to rationalize their thoughts. This is because they understand the class inclusions and logical implications like square as a form of a rectangle. The learners however, do not understand the function and implication of formal deduction. A good example is the ability to calculate the area of a triangle having mastered how to calculate the area of a rectangle. Level Four (Deduction) In this level, learners are able to assemble proofs, appreciate the function of axioms and definitions, and discern the importance of essential and adequate conditions. This implies that learners are able to develop proofs similar and typical to the ones found in the geometry class in a high school. A good example is establishing the similarity and congruence in triangles. Level Five (Rigor) In this level, learners are able to comprehend the formal facets of deduction, for examples, in constituting and comparing mathematical models and systems. The learners can comprehend the application of oblique proof and proof by contra positive analysis. Further, the learners are able to appreciate the non-Euclidean models at this level. A good example is being able to develop theorems without referring to figures. Reasons for the deterioration of mathematical sciences in Australia According to Brown (2009), the state of quantitative disciplines like the mathematical sciences in Australia has been deteriorating to a precarious degree and continues to deteriorate. The deterioration can be attributed to the deterioration in the quantitative skills in Australian curriculum. The quantitative skills entail the numbers and how they are applied for data analysis, recording, and measuring. The concept also implies the performance of statistical or mathematical calculations. The quantitative skills are necessary as a foundation for higher learning such as in mathematics, engineering, biology, chemistry, and physics. Unfortunately, the skills have not been improved although identifying and developing functional science programs in Australia could achieve this. The reason is that most learning institutions in Australia continue to struggle to comprehend the process of integrating quantitative skills within the curriculum especially in modern science to reflect their quant itative and interdisciplinary nature. Another reason is that the Australian curriculum is not future looking and innovative. This greatly hinders the implementation of quantitative skills in the learning programs and models designed for the various levels. Benefits of incorporating technology in learning mathematics There are several advantages of learning mathematics with technology. To start with, technology makes the process of learning mathematics more interactive. This allows for creating learning experiences that are dynamic. Through technology, learners can receive and share information among themselves and with their teachers such as the use of computer and mobile phone. In this manner, the learners are able to get feedback from their instructors even when outside the classroom setup. The incorporation of technology in learning mathematics boosts communication between the teachers and the learners. For instance, the use of computers in classroom allows learners to collaborate, interact, and present their learning outcomes. This trains the learners to be publishers, editors, writes, and readers (Borovik, 2011). Another reason for incorporation of technology in learning mathematics is increased adaptability and flexibility to differentiated learning using devices like vodcasts and podcasts. This helps the learners to study at their own pace in private. Besides, the slow learners and those with learning disability can also study at their preferred pace without undue pressure from their faster counterparts. Part 1 The student did not follow the necessary mathematical logic The student directly multiplied the corresponding numerator and denominator yet this is a problem involving division. I would help the student understand that division involving fractions requires the multiplication of the first term by the reciprocal of the second term for instance, 2/3 = 2/3 x 4/3 = 8/9 Part 2 The argument about the conversion is wrong The student misrepresented the fact about currency conversion I would take the student through the correct steps $1 USD = $ 1.25 CAD Therefore, $ 10 CAD = 10/1.25 = $ 8.0 USD Part 3 The student got the wrong answer The logic of converting square meters to square kilometers is wrong I would take the student through the following steps A =250 x 500 = 125000 m2 But 106 m2 = 1 km2 Therefore 125000 m2 = 125000/1000000 = 0.125 km2 Part 4 The answer is wrong The reasoning is not accurate since this is a case of probability The students should use the probability logic P (winning) = number of chances/ total number of lotto plays Part 5 The answer is wrong The student failed to follow a mathematical principle The student should use the identity (a b)2 = a2 2ab + b2 Where a = x and b = 2 Therefore, the solution is x2 4x + 4 Part 6 The answer is wrong The student failed to factor in the gender in the calculation The student should include the gender in computing the solution Part 7 The answer is wrong The probability logic is inaccurate The probability is a definite number. In this case it is 80% Part 8 The answer is wrong The product of an odd number and an even number is always even I would give the student example like 3 x 2 = 6 (even) 5 x 4 = 20 (even) Part 3.1 Correct answer Gradient m, = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  y/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  x = (y2 y1)/ (x2 x1) But (x1, y1) = (0, 2) (x2, y2) = (4, 0) Therefore, m = (0 2)/(4 0) = - 0.5 Three possible wrong answers by the student -2 by dividing à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  x/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  y instead of à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  y/à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  x 0.5 the student failing to include the ve sign iii 0.5 the student dividing 2/4 directly instead of computing the difference Part 3.2 Correct answer Speed S = distance D/ Time T S = D/T = 0.87 km/h Convert distance into kilometers 1000 m = 1 km Therefore, 350 m = 0.35 km Time = Distance/Speed = 0.35 km/0.87 km/h = 0.4023 hours = 24 minutes Possible answers by the student 402 .3 hours by failing to convert the distance to km 0025 hours by reversing the order of division (dividing speed by distance) 5 by directly multiplying speed and distance Part 3.3 Correct answer Let the number of people be p Let the number of tables be t In one table there are 8 people In 2 tables, there are 14 people, The difference is 6, Meaning, for every increase in the number of tables by 1, there is additional 6 people Therefore, 1 table = 8 2 tables = 8 + 6 = 8 + 6(1) 3 tables = 8 + 6 +6 = 8 + 6(2) 4 tables = 8 + 6 + 6 + 6 = 8 + 6(3) Meaning, p = 8 + 6(t-1) Possible student answer p = 8 + (2t-2) since the difference is the first multiplied by 2 less 2 p = t + 6(t-1) assuming the first tables carries 8 people p= 8t -2 since the difference between resultant product is less by 2 Part 3.4 correct answer angle sum of a triangle = 180 let the 3rd angle be y 53 + y + 90 = 180 y = 37 but the triangles are the same and six therefore, 37 x 6 = 222 angle sum at a point = 360 x = 360 222 =1380 possible answers 42 degrees by taking 53, multiplying by 6 and subtracting from 360 222 by multiplying 37 by 6 iii 37 by failing to recognize the 5 triangles Part 3.6 correct answer P (even and multiple of 3) = chances of picking an even number that is a multiple of 3/ total number of chips Even numbers that are a multiple of 3 are 6, 12, and 18 = 3 numbers out of 12 = 3/12 = possible student answers 8/12 = 2/3 by considering all the even numbers 5/12 by considering all the multiples of 3 iii 4/12 = 1/3 by considering all the odd numbers Part 3.7 correct answer let the short tree be x m tall the tall tree will be (x + 2) m ratio of the shorter to the taller is 5:9 x: x + 2 = 5:9 x/5 = x + 2/9 9x = 5x + 10 x = 2.5 m ( the shorter tree) x + 2 = 4.5 m (the taller tree) possible student answers 6.5 m by reversing the numerator and the denominator -6.5m by misrepresenting the tall and short tree iii 3.8 m by dividing 9/5 and adding 2 References Borovik, A. (2011). Information technology in university-level mathematics teaching and learning: a mathematician's point of view.Research In Learning Technology,19(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v19i1.17106 Brendefur, J. (2011).Spatial Reasoning and the Mathematical Mind | Beyond the Blue.Beyondtheblue.boisestate.edu. Retrieved 27 September 2016, from https://beyondtheblue.boisestate.edu/blog/2011/11/28/jonathan-brendefur/ Brown, G. (2009). Review of Education in Mathematics, Data Science and Quantitative Disciplines: Report to the Group of Eight Universities.Group Of Eight (NJ1). Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED539393 Genz, R. (2006).Determining high school geometry students' geometric understanding using van Hiele levels. Kendal, M. Stacey, K. (2003). Tracing learning of three representations with the differentiation competency framework.Mathematics Education Research Journal,15(1), 22-41. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03217367 National Curriculum Board,. (2009).Shape of the Australian curriculum. Carlton, Vic.: National Curriculum Board. Perso, T. (2011). Assessing Numeracy and NAPLAN.Australian Mathematics Teacher,67(4), 32-35. Retrieved from https://file:///C:/Users/gg/Downloads/amt67_4_perso.pdf Uttal, D. Cohen, C. (2012). Spatial Thinking and STEM Education.The Psychology Of Learning And Motivation,57, 147-181. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394293-7.00004-2